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Appendix

• Power supply. The power supply is dual, and has two electrically separated sources:
  • A fixed 5 V DC source. It has a black 0 V terminal, and a red 5 V terminal.

  • A dual variable source, $\pm V_g$, where V_g can be adjusted. It has three terminals, -V_g, 0 V, and +V_g (the centre zero volt reference is defined by the bar joining the two sides).

• CRO. The oscilloscope has two channels, and the back ground leads are internally joined. Take care not to short out your circuit by connecting two black leads - use only one of the black leads, and the two red leads.

• Wiring. Care should be taken in wiring up your circuits - do not short components or the power supply. Good practice and points to note:

  1.

  Vertical columns of holes are electrically connected, as are horizontal rows. However, some columns and rows are sectioned (and so electrically isolated), as indicated by the gaps.

  2.

  It is a good idea to set up supply rails on your board. E.g., you can set up 0 V, +15 V and -15 V rails by connecting wires from the DC supply to two horizontal rows.

  3.

  When wiring the opamps, take care to use the correct pins.

• Bypass capacitors. At each power supply connection to the chip, use a 10 nF bypass capacitor connected to ground to filter unwanted AC signals.

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